The article is devoted to the analysis of the origins of the second quantum technological revolution associated with the transmission and processing of quantum information. The objective of the study is to describe how radical restructuring of the foundations of quantum physics in the first quarter of the XX century led to the creation of technological innovations in the early XXI century. The first part of the paper clarifies the notions of scientific innovations and revolutionary transformations in science, and characterizes the main differences between quantum mechanics and classical physics. The second part argues that the second quantum revolution was prepared in the process of experimental verification of different views on the reality of the objects of quantum theory and the ways of their cognition.