Anesthetic management of patients undergoing resection of catecholamine-producing tumors is a challenge for anesthesiologists. Despite a significant decrease of mortality, surgery is still followed by high perioperative morbidity and incidence of critical incidents. The authors discuss the methods, novel recommendations and controversial issues of preoperative preparation of patients eligible for surgical treatment, especially preoperative administration of alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers. Surgical approaches, postoperative management and predicting the risks of perioperative critical incidents are highlighted. Incidence of catecholamine-producing tumors is low, and safety of patients scheduled for resection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma depends on comprehensive awareness and interaction of anesthesiologists and surgeons at all stages including pre-hospital one. This review is of interest for anesthesiologists, intensive care specialists, surgeons and endocrinologists dealing with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. Certain questions in perioperative management of patients with catecholamine-producing tumors are still unresolved and require further research.