The article questioned the correctness of the thesis that there is no national arithmetic. The supporters of a purely microeconomic understanding of economics are often putting this argument forward. In fact, in economics, there are several theoretical discourses, each of which comes from its own understanding of the national economy and the assiduity. The choice of the classical political economy as the direction of the national economic thought predetermined the feature its object of study - the na- tional economy. This justifies the existence of a national arithmetic.