The problem of personality adaptation in the society is interdisciplinary and is the subject of research for philosophers and sociologists, psychologists, doctors and teachers. Adaptation of students to the ever-changing university educational environment is one of the important tasks of modern pedagogics. The purpose of the present study was to analyze personality-psychological characteristics and mental state of undergraduates as factors influencing the adaptation to university training. The findings indicate a significant frequency of adaptation issues among undergraduates, that may aggravate their psychophysical health and reduce progress in studies. About a third of students are in the risk group in terms of psychosomatic disorders. More than 60% of students have an asthenic syndrome. The frequency of increased anxiety as a state is significant. Girls are distinguished by personality predisposition to development of deadaptation and are characterized by more frequent anxiety compared with boys. During undergraduate studies there exists a trend to more frequent increased anxiety, both personal and situational; the number of cases with marked excess alexitymic radical and asthenia. The findings indicate the need for a comprehensive psycho-pedagogical support of students, aimed at strengthening of their mental and physical adaptation resources and improving university training. To implement this approach, in its turn, the methodological problem is to be solved associated with the development of integrated psychological and pedagogical techniques involving experts in the field of physical education, medicine and psychology.