The article is devoted to analysis the relationship between the concept of sustainable development (SD) and human security (HS) in the Russia's Arctic policy. The author analyzes the main strategic documents defining Russia's policy in the Arctic (‘Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2020 and beyond' and ‘Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic until 2035') and tries to identify the ideas of SD and HS. The author notes that today the AZRF, being a ‘zone of peace and stability' in terms of traditional security, faces a complex of new challenges and threats related to HS. The author concludes that only in the case of neutralization of the threats to HS discussed in the article, the transition of the AZRF to sustainable development will become possible.