The article examines the role and place of Russian science in the development of world economic science. Domestic economic science at the turn of the 20th century proposed its own version of the synthesis of the theory of labor value and the theory of marginal utility. The variant of the unifying theory proposed by the Russian science became an alternative to the neoclassical version of the synthesis proposed by A. Marshall. A distinctive feature of the variant proposed by Russian science was its reliance on classical traditions in economic science.