Museum construction in the first post-revolutionary years has received unprecedented growth and development. This resulted not only in the accumulation and expansion of museum collections, but also in the creation of new specialized groups of museums both in the centre and in the field. While historical museums were opened in the former suburban imperial residences, the Winter Palace followed a different path of development. The State Museum of the Revolution was established within its walls. In this study the role and ideological significance of the museum is explained, and for the analysis of the expositions the printed edition - the guide to the museum of the 1920s is used. which substantially supplemented previously used sources.