The paper considers the issues of such a phenomenon as arbitrability, as well as its correlation with the categories of jurisdiction and competence. The study of arbitrability is relevant in the light of the resonant practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on issues of arbitrability of certain categories of disputes that has been taking place in recent years. Arbitrability is a relatively new term in domestic science and practice. Although it has received quite a wide resonance, it still not implemented in domestic regulatory legal acts. The author attempts to determine arbitrability, as well as considers existing approaches and views on arbitrability. Foreign and domestic doctrinal views on arbitrability are divided, as well as various understandings of this phenomenon. An important aspect is the differentiation of competence, jurisdiction and arbitrability. The need for diligent work to create and develop “rules of arbitrability” and “elements of arbitrability” at the legislative level is noted. The author notes that arbitrability is also a process of research by the arbitration or court of the elements that make it up.