The aim of the study was to study the specific indicators of psychological health in children in the situation of the disease (for example, severe orthopedic disease). Were examined in 17 patients with a diagnosis of «arthrogryposis» in the age of 10 to 12 years. All the children had preserved opportunities for intellectual development, were treated in the children's orthopedic clinic. For comparison, 25 healthy children with similar age and intellectual characteristics were examined. It was shown that the characteristics of psychological health in patients and healthy children are situational and associated with the optimal way of adaptation to health and disease. Healthy children have an active way of adaptation to society. As indicators of psychological health can be considered characteristics of optimistic attribute style, satisfaction with psychosocial status and personality traits «energy». Specific indicators of psychological health of children with severe orthopedic disease are identified. It is shown that the characteristics of psychological health in the situation associated with severe orthopedic disease are determined by the passive way of adaptation in the conditions of the disease, are manifested in the specific features of the style of attribution, reduced external activity, anxiety, responsibility and a high level of self-control.