The paper proposes a novel technology for rapid radiochemical analysis of coolant water by chromatography and membrane adsorption methods. The technology is developed for application in nuclear power facilities and combines extraction of radionuclides and preparation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-emitting source samples for radioactivity measurements. Target radionuclides are adsorbed onto sorbent-impregnated porous pellets and membranes. Procedures for determination of fission products and activated impurities in coolant water are worked out, tested, and certified. Results of this work are presented. The paper describes an adsorption recirculation system for cleanup of spent fuel pool water using mixed bed resin filters modified with cobalt-potassium ferrocyanide and a multi-step membrane adsorption technology for treatment of low-activity liquid radioactive waste using in succession micro filtration, ultra filtration, hyper filtration (also known as reverse osmosis), and ion exchange (selective adsorption) me