This subject of the research is the features of the self-concept in people suffering from drug addiction. The aim of the work was to identify the characteristics of self-esteem among drug addicts. The data obtained were compared with the results of patients with alcohol dependence. The study sample consisted of patients from rehabilitation centers with a diagnosis (123 people with addiction to psychoactive substances ICD-10: F10-F19 and 135 with alcoholism). To analyze the results, methods of mathematical statistics were used: student t-test, descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that people with drug addiction have low self-esteem and a tendency to self-sentencing. At the same time, people with drug addiction see value in maintaining family relationships and are considering implementing their plans in the future. In communication, they demonstrate ambivalent trends: isolation and indecision in communication, on the one hand, and the need for acceptance by the group on the other. The data obtained contribute to the development of theoretical knowledge in the field of psychology, psychotherapy and psychiatry, based on a deeper understanding of the addict. The study not only opens up the possibility of choosing more effective methods to support drug addicts, but also develops measures to prevent the formation of addictive behavior by correcting selfesteem and developing effective communication skills.