After the collapse of the Soviet Union, lots of young states emerged on the political map, they received long-awaited sovereignty, however the existing contradictions in the sphere of interethnic relations, which were holding by the center for many years, resulted in an acute conflict confrontation. Most of these conflicts remain unresolved, some of them have gone into a latent state, but such a state of affairs may change at any moment, and the parties will move into the phase of active action. At present, the attention of researchers is attracted by the Fergana Valley, it is a specific region of Central Asia due to its geographical location, climatic features of the territory, and due to the presence of a special culture and ethnic composition of the population. Favorable natural conditions have led to overcrowding of the valley territory, becoming one of the basic objective reasons for increasing the conflict potential in the states on its territory, and political instability, the presence of disputed territories, problems associated with the historical memory of the people, the formation of stereotyped thinking have a strong impact on their mutual relations in the present and the future, destabilize the situation in the region.