The article is based on a study of the publications of Jan Chesnov, a famous Soviet and Russian ethnologist, which are devoted to the ethnography of the peoples of the Caucasus. Chesnov left behind a significant academic heritage in philosophical anthropology and ethnographic studies of the Caucasus. Most of his philosophical conclusions are based on observations of the ethnography of the Caucasus, which was the result of a long field work. His factual materials represent archaic manifestations in traditional culture, preserved as important attitudes of everyday behavior in various spheres of life. The concept of feature-conditions, which he had previously developed, contributed to the identification of these attitudes. Later, on the basis of this concept and his study of the ideological and axiological standards of the culture of the peoples of the Caucasus, who have preserved many components of the archaic (mainly Abkhaz and Chechens), he developed a model of anthropocenosis of traditional culture. This mod