The problem of anthropogenic transformation of the biosphere is discussed from the standpoint of deterioration of biodiversity. As far as the stability of the biosphere is based on the biotic regulation of the turnover of its components, biodiversity is what ensures the compositional and territorial balances of ecosystems that compose the biosphere. The anthropogenic development of Nature resulted in the disruption of the natural biogeochemical cycles, pollution and profound degradation of the environment, and the loss of habitats for biological species. The discussion of priorities for finding the ways out of the current ecological crisis suggests that the looming social and natural anomalies are rooted in the improper behavior of humans caused by social and economic misconceptions and the underestimation of the significance of biodiversity for the human race.