The article is devoted to the content analysis of the work The Rock of Faith by Stephan Yavorsky, as well as to the review of its background and creation history. The ideal of social justice, as he was understood by Stephan, prompted him to denounce, resist and fight with many, far from always useful and successful innovations of the Petrine era. The fight against the vices of the time, reluctance to compromise with conscience as well as willingness to defend his views and ideals defined the Stephan's position as one of an opponent of a fixed absolutist regime. The historical significance of the literary and spiritual heritage of Metropolitan Stephan lies primarily in the fact that he laid the foundations of a course that most opposition clergy subsequently followed. Therefore, after the Stephan's death in 1722, the struggle of the parties did not subside. The Metropolitan created a successive tradition in the Russian clergy, represented primarily by the name of his main collaborator, an eminent theologian an