TY - GEN

T1 - ეკონომიკური უთანასწორობა და სიღარიბე ინდივიდუალურ და გლობალურ კონტექსტში

AU - Кепуладзе, Георгий

N1 - 1. Average Federal Tax Rates in 2007, Congressional budget office, June 2010. https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/112th-congress-2011-2012/reports/AverageFedTaxRates2007.pdf 2. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha, Christian Gregory, and Anita Singh. 2016. Report Summary: Household Food Security in the United States in 2015. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, September 2014. 3. Galasso V. Nicholas, 2014, The Drivers of Economic Inequality, Oxfam America Research Backgrounder, https://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/oxfam-drivers-of-economic-inequality.pdf 4. World Development Indicators, World Bank, 27-Apr-2017. 5. Global Wealth Databook 2016, Research Institute Thought leadership from Credit Suisse Research and the world’s foremost experts, November 2016. http://publications.credit-suisse.com/tasks/render/file/index.cfm?fileid=AD6F2B43-B17B-345E-E20A1A254A3E24A5 6. Global Inequality, http://inequality.org/global-inequality/ 7. Household Food Security in the United States in 2014, pp. 4-11. 8. Income and Poverty in the United States: 2015, Current Population Reports, Issued September 2016, P60-256 (RV), U.S.Department og Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. 9. Roser Max, Ortiz-Opsina Esteban, 2017, Global Extreme Poverty, Our Word in Data, March 27, 2017, https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty/ 206 10. Stiglitz Joseph, 2012, The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future, W. W. Norton & Company, New York, London, http://resistir.info/livros/stiglitz_the_price_of_inequality.pdf 11. The Global Risks Report, 2017, Insight Report, 12th Edition, World Economic Forum, ISBN: 978-1- 944835-07-1, Geneva, 2017. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GRR17_Report_web.pdf 12. Ейтс, Майкл Д., 2017, Измерение глобального неравенства, 9.01.2017. //Michael D. Yates, “The Great Inequality”, Monthly Review 63, no. 10 (March 2012): 1–18// http://commons.com.ua/ru/izmerenie-globalnogo-neravenstva/ 13. Глобальное неравенство: восемь человек владеют половиной богатства мира, 02.02.2017. http://theworldonly.org/globalnoe-neravenstvo-vosem-chelovek-vladeyut-polovinoj-bogatstva-mira/ 14. Проблемы бедности в США и России: стратегия социальной политики. М., 1997., с. 17-18. 15. Сакс Дж.Д., 2011, Конец бедности. Экономические возможности нашего времени, Пер. с англ. Н.Эдельмана. ISBN 978-5-93255-306-0, М.: Изд. Института Гайдара, - 424с. http://padaread.com/?book=75470

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - The modern society faces many social, economic, political and other problems the most important of which aresocio-economic inequality and poverty. The socio-economic inequality of human beings and nations has always beenand remains to be a problem that is common to all countries and thus has a global character. Socio-economic inequalityand poverty are one of the most important and ever-present problems in the modern world. An elimination of poverty isone of the biggest challenges of nowadays’ reality.Among the seven global risks that the world will face to the nearest ten years, The Global Risks Report 2017(Davos, January 11, 2017) mentions economic inequality and social stratification.This paper offers to consider poverty from two positions: in the individual context (or micro-level position) andglobal context (or macro- and meso- level position).Proceeding from global context of poverty, the answers to the next questions should be done: Why some countriesand nations are poor? What causes the poverty of the countries and nations? Why the rich nations become richerwhen the poor nations become poorer? What could be done for overcoming the poverty of the poor nations and in thepoor countries?Based on the individual approach the following questions should be asked: Why are people poor and what causestheir poverty? Why people are unable to escape poverty? Why the rich people become richer when the poor becomepoorer? Who is responsible for the poverty of people – poor persons themselves or society?There are many reasons for poverty and the measures for the poverty overcoming largely depend on its causes.These reasons can be conditionally grouped as objective reasons and subjective reasons.Among the objective reasons of poverty could be mentioned the following:- Adverse economic conjuncture that causes unemployment, inflation, low wages, etc.;- Political instability such as wars, ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, etc.;- Incorrect policy of government agencies - inadequate or delayed response on the existing economic situation;- Ecological cataclysms - earthquakes, tsunami, avalanche, and others;- Regional and geographical differences (poor places) - unequal economic development of some territories andregions, uneven distribution of natural resources, low capability of land, etc.;- Climatic differences - deserts, drought and others;- Seasonality of work – proceeding from the features of the job activity, an instability of revenue during a year,etc;- Cultural differences – based on the religious-philosophical lifestyle of some separate areas (territories) orgroups of people that reject the pursuit to a material well-being.Among the subjective reasons of poverty could be mentioned the following:- Low level of education – that does not allow people to hold high income jobs;- Problems with health - deterioration of a health could make people to be unable to take full advantage fromlabour market participation and, therefore, to get income;- Elderly - older generations can lose a capacity for work and, therefore, the possibility to get income (in case ofa low retiring pension);- Low level of social capital (social networks) – those, who do not have the necessary social contacts are lessaware of the existence of good jobs, they are less likely to be able to take good jobs and, therefore, get revenue;- Self-reproduction of poverty - the low level of life of person, family or social group and its reproduction provokesso-called “vicious cycle of poverty”;- Asocial properties (asocial behavior of the individual) - drug use, drunkenness, laziness, parasitism and so on; 207- Inertia – a passive perception of a reality, lack of desire to change the existing (poor) lifestyle, maladjustmentto life, etc.The existence of a number of reasons of poverty invokes to group poor according to poverty reasons and to elaboraterelevant approaches for its overcoming

AB - The modern society faces many social, economic, political and other problems the most important of which aresocio-economic inequality and poverty. The socio-economic inequality of human beings and nations has always beenand remains to be a problem that is common to all countries and thus has a global character. Socio-economic inequalityand poverty are one of the most important and ever-present problems in the modern world. An elimination of poverty isone of the biggest challenges of nowadays’ reality.Among the seven global risks that the world will face to the nearest ten years, The Global Risks Report 2017(Davos, January 11, 2017) mentions economic inequality and social stratification.This paper offers to consider poverty from two positions: in the individual context (or micro-level position) andglobal context (or macro- and meso- level position).Proceeding from global context of poverty, the answers to the next questions should be done: Why some countriesand nations are poor? What causes the poverty of the countries and nations? Why the rich nations become richerwhen the poor nations become poorer? What could be done for overcoming the poverty of the poor nations and in thepoor countries?Based on the individual approach the following questions should be asked: Why are people poor and what causestheir poverty? Why people are unable to escape poverty? Why the rich people become richer when the poor becomepoorer? Who is responsible for the poverty of people – poor persons themselves or society?There are many reasons for poverty and the measures for the poverty overcoming largely depend on its causes.These reasons can be conditionally grouped as objective reasons and subjective reasons.Among the objective reasons of poverty could be mentioned the following:- Adverse economic conjuncture that causes unemployment, inflation, low wages, etc.;- Political instability such as wars, ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, etc.;- Incorrect policy of government agencies - inadequate or delayed response on the existing economic situation;- Ecological cataclysms - earthquakes, tsunami, avalanche, and others;- Regional and geographical differences (poor places) - unequal economic development of some territories andregions, uneven distribution of natural resources, low capability of land, etc.;- Climatic differences - deserts, drought and others;- Seasonality of work – proceeding from the features of the job activity, an instability of revenue during a year,etc;- Cultural differences – based on the religious-philosophical lifestyle of some separate areas (territories) orgroups of people that reject the pursuit to a material well-being.Among the subjective reasons of poverty could be mentioned the following:- Low level of education – that does not allow people to hold high income jobs;- Problems with health - deterioration of a health could make people to be unable to take full advantage fromlabour market participation and, therefore, to get income;- Elderly - older generations can lose a capacity for work and, therefore, the possibility to get income (in case ofa low retiring pension);- Low level of social capital (social networks) – those, who do not have the necessary social contacts are lessaware of the existence of good jobs, they are less likely to be able to take good jobs and, therefore, get revenue;- Self-reproduction of poverty - the low level of life of person, family or social group and its reproduction provokesso-called “vicious cycle of poverty”;- Asocial properties (asocial behavior of the individual) - drug use, drunkenness, laziness, parasitism and so on; 207- Inertia – a passive perception of a reality, lack of desire to change the existing (poor) lifestyle, maladjustmentto life, etc.The existence of a number of reasons of poverty invokes to group poor according to poverty reasons and to elaboraterelevant approaches for its overcoming

UR - http://pgie.tsu.ge/contentimage/konferenciebi/2017_.pdf

M3 - статья в сборнике материалов конференции

SN - 978-9941-13617-7

SP - 201

EP - 205

BT - ეკონომიკური უთანასწორობა და სიღარიბე ინდივიდუალურ და გლობალურ კონტექსტში

PB - Tbilisi State University

ER -