In recent years, there has been growing a noticeable interest of the Russian linguists in the Spanish language of Latin America, which is largely due to the expansion and strengthening of relations between Russia and this region. Colombia is one of the Latin American states that is striving to develop political, economic, cultural, educational, scientific cooperation with Russia. In this regard, it becomes especially relevant for the Russian linguists to undertake research that allows a deeper understanding of the national variant of the Colombian Spanish language which is an integral part of the country's culture. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the features of the vocabulary of Colombian Spanish and, using specific examples, to demonstrate the functioning of the main groups of vocabulary in the colloquial and literary speech of native speakers of Colombian Spanish. One of the main features of the Colombian national language in relation to the European standard of Spanish is manifested in a significant number of units that reflect the cultural and historical factors that influenced the development of the national language of Colombia. The analysis of the text material carried out in the course of the study showed functioning of all groups of the Colombian Spanish vocabulary, both in the everyday colloquial speech of Colombians and in the literary style.