The history of numbers origin provides rich material for a number of humanities and indirectly confi ms discoveries in the field of genetics and physiology. Function of numbers has never been reduced only to counting, mathematical operations. In cultures of all, without exception, peoples of the world, numbers possessed symbolic semantics. The very concept of counting in archaic languages was associated with ideas about the universe. The fact of great importance is that this symbolism did not remain the property of only archaic societies; it accompanies the entire history of mankind, including antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times; it is woven into works of world art and literature. Knowledge of this symbolism reveals to inquiring mind many - eternal and always new - meanings.