The study aims to review the literature on the ectiveness of modern prenatal testing based on the use of cell free DNA or RNA of the fetus. Material and methods. Foreign publications, the work of Russian scientists, as well as clinical guidelines posted in the databases of Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, and others are analyzed. The used keywords are invasive, noninvasive prenatal testing, cell free fetal DNA. The search depth is 7 years. Results. Examples from the literature show the diagnostic value of cell free DNA or RNA of the fetus for the detection of chromosomal aneuploidy and other hereditary diseases. The advantages and disadvantages of methods of prenatal testing its application and prospects are described.