The aim of this study is to provide a lexical and partially lexicographical overview of Lithuanian phraseological units, which contain lexemes reflecting the surrounding the Lithuanian people world. The review of set units presented in the work helps to illustrate the main concepts contained in the basic phraseological fund of the Lithuanian language, which provide a general idea of ​​the picture of the world and the mentality of its speakers. We are primarily interested in those phraseological units that contain lexemes that are inherently conceptual for the Lithuanian people, their culture and worldview, which contain conceptual meanings associated with what has surrounded Lithuanians and has become part of their national consciousness, reflected in the language and frozen in phraseology. The material for this study was extracted from phraseological dictionaries of the Lithuanian language and other sources. The research methods are descriptive, componential, semantic-comparative, comparative. The analysis revealed the entrenchment of the folk worldview’s perception of everyday and natural, completely simple, mundane, and far from philosophical phenomena surrounding humans. Moreover, the material represents an overview of the Lithuanian people’s picture of the world and their original way of life. This article also provides an understanding of the similarities and differences between two neighboring peoples – Lithuanians and Russians – who are inextricably linked linguistically (ancient Balto-Slavic linguistic unity), historically, and culturally.