The most ancient cultures associated with development of the geographical space have left many marks, which show significant importance of the sun in their activity. Based on field research and review of the existing data, the article shows that the ancient megalithic constructions are used for orientation in space and in time by the sun. Due to their importance for life, these structures became sacred. The article reveals the displaying of the phenomenon of the sun in the toponyms of the vast territories. In addition, it reveals a correlation between the names (with «solar» formant) and ancient centers of orienteering. It discusses some features of the global distribution connected with the sun phenomena in geo-cultural space.