The introduction of antiretroviral therapy has changed the human immunodeficiency virus pandemic. Some patients with HIV infection after starting or resuming ART develop a paradoxical worsening of clinical status, called Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS). However, if clinical and laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of this syndrome have been formulated, IRIS neuroradiological criteria do not exist yet. The present study presents neuroradiological features and diagnostic algorithm for identification of IRIS involving central nervous system.