The book offers a detailed commentary on numerous biographical, historical, cultural and scientific aspects of the most famous 20th century utopia Brave New World (1932) by Aldous Huxley. Unlike a much more straightforward novel 1984 by George Orwell, this futuristic fantasy is viewed as a concentrated picture of modernity, a summing-up of the Enlightenment project. This is the first Russian monographic study offering substantial commentaries that clarify diverse contexts and highlight the fundamental ambiguity underlying the utopia as well as much of Huxley's oeuvre. The book registers the correspondences between A. Huxley's literary discourse and the discourse of contemporaneous science, the interplay and transmission of knowledge from the writer to his numerous friends, the scientists, and back. An accent is made on biographical and psychological roots (phobias and neuroses) of discrepancies in A. Huxley's perception of certain historic and cultural events, scientific theories and practices. Brave New World and his other utopias are viewed as art-therapy sessions that helped the writer achieve a meaningful and comprehensive concept of modernity and face his own nightmares.