The article is dedicated to the influence of stress on behavior and behav- ioral disorders in the diseases of primarily insufficient adaptation. The endocrine mech- anisms of psycho-neurological disorders, related to stress as systemic neuroendocrine process are briefly reviewed. The original concept of neuroses as prenosological dis- tress-conditioned patterns of behavior is coined. For the first time author's view on neu- roses is introduced, based on the principles of stressology.