Hypothesis/aims of study. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications, including preterm birth (PB). The incidence rate of PB in women with DM is higher than in the general population and amounts to 30-40%. Nevertheless, there are still open questions on the structure of PB, pharmacological approaches to its prevention and treatment, as well as the feasibility of prolonging the timing of glucocorticoid therapy to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to research the features of structure and clinical approaches in the case of PB in women with different types of DM, based on a literature review. Study design, materials and methods. The study was performed using literature search, screening, data extraction, and analysis of publications collected in world databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, and Cochrane. Results. The rate of PB is the highest in women with pregestational DM: 21-30% in type 1 DM and 19-40% in type 2 DM. The incid