The purpose of the study was to explore color designation as an important factor in the development of national culture. The appearance of color relative vocabulary in ancient times, the existence of advanced system of color marking in the majority of languages, and complexity of their semantic structure determined the importance of color marking in the process of cognition. The author analyzed the significance of ambivalent distinctions of “red” and “black” colors as components of the main coloristic antithesis. The main distinctive feature of cultural coloristics of the monuments of Upper Paleolithic was the very predominance of black and red colors heading the triad of “red - black - white”. The detailed inquiry of the study material revealed the origin of a number of collocations with a color based component. They have had a link with the cultural ingredient as well as the mentality of Spanish speaking people since the earliest period of their existence.