The article focuses on the main figures of the Polish historical science of the interwar decades and also the key tasks which the Polish historians had for that period. It shows a certain continuity of focus of Polish historiography scientific interests at that time and the previous historiography, highlights the successes of certain Polish historians in the field of the studying the theory and methodology of historical knowledge. However, terminological ambiguity of certain ideas of the modern Polish historians describing the condition of the Polish historical science in 1918-1939 is revealed. Also the necessity of a more detailed study of those problems in the modern Russian Polish studies is stated.