The work contains information about structure, variability, correlations between leaf characters in 38 species of South Zauralye woody plants. Species of every geographic element of the flora are shown to have specific leaf structure characters. Correlation between the occurrence of woody plants in the woody steppe zone and their leaf structure: size, mesophyll structure, value of the relative conductive surface (the ratio between the leaf blade area and xylem area at the petiole transverse section) is revealed. The problem of the role of the leaf structural features in the limitation of plants dispersal within the investigated territory is discussed.