The search, which is now typical for modern Russian school system, requires revision of many outdated ideological attitudes and careful study of pedagogical and philosophical thought of past centuries. In observations and reasoning of Vasilii Rozanov, collected by him in the collection of articles «Twilight of enlightenment», it is important to see and feel the pain that he, as a true patriot of his Fatherland, as a true supporter of Russian culture, could not help but feel, looking at bitter fruits of education system. The ideological message «Twilight of enlightenment» was accepted by Russian philosophers of the 20th century and found its continuation in their works. Despite a hundred years separating us from the death of this great thinker, his ideas are still actual and modern, his warnings are frighteningly relevant.