The article describes pathogenetic models for insomnia: «3P» model of insomnia, hyperarousal model, and sleep reactivity to stress model. Anxiety and stress are addressed as predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors of insomnia. The problem of high comorbidity of insomnia and mental disorders is highlighted. Modern non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches to treatment of insomnia are described: psychotherapy, other non-pharmacological methods as well as the use of medications. These methods can be used both independently and in combination. In particular, combination of psychotherapy and nonprescription medicines aimed at normalizing emotional state is possible.