Currently, fundamental nephrology includes many sections of related sciences, giving a new way to understanding the mechanisms of kidney functioning at the molecular level. The authors of the article emphasize that the basis of kidney function comprises molecular systems, including a variety of receptors, cotransporters, pumps and ion channels, which ultimately provide the body's homeostasis. Fundamental nephrology, which is a synthesis of physiology and molecular OMIX-research, allows the doctor to more deeply delve into the essence of pathological processes, to diagnose kidney disease at the preclinical level. The close relationship between fundamental and clinical nephrology provides not only the translation of scientific advances into practice, but also contributes to the personification of therapy.