In 1958 A.D. Stolyar and G.P. Grozdilov published an article “On the construction of a museum archaeological exposition” in the journal “Soviet Archaeology”. That paper became one of the first works devoted to the problems of creating an exposition of archaeological materials that was understandable for a general public. Many of their theses still sound relevant today. The central issue is the possibility of using, in addition to the original artifacts, all kinds of didactic materials (photographs, drawings, explications, models, dummies, reconstructions, etc.), conveying to the audience the semantics and functional purpose of the exhibits on display. An important task is not to demonstrate individual objects, but to create an integral image of a certain culture of the past. Fragmented, often not very attractive archaeological finds by themselves do not always allow this to be done. Modern museums, especially specialized in archaeology, use various exposition techniques that make archaeological material more accessible for understanding. This article examines these methodological techniques used in domestic and foreign museums. The author identifies six groups of museums which store and exhibit archaeological collections. The largest art museums of world culture tend to exhibit only authentic things, while archaeological and historical museums use didactic material more in their exhibitions.