The article deals with the material structures of everyday social practices of nutrition. In the western sociology this field was developed in the sociology of food. Russian sociology makes only its first steps in this direction although sociological background of this field was founded in Russia by P.A. Sorokin in 1920-s. Empirical studies in this field of research are growing while methodological study is still needed. Attempt is made to fill the gap. Three methodological approaches of the sociological study of food are discussed: functionalism, structuralism, and materialism.