The article analyzes the results of the latest theoretical discussions in Western political philosophy, whose participants explore the specific features of the formation of the discourse of tolerance in the modern world. The nature of theoretical discussions also indicates that the modern discourse of tolerance often goes beyond the various areas of political philosophy, ethical theories and traditional humanitarian disciplines. They also demonstrate the everincreasing importance of the political- theological aspects of tolerance analysis. Despite the obvious fact that the definitions and interpretations of the concept and subject of political theology available in modern scientific and philosophical literature are very diverse, attempts to synthesize them within the framework of unambiguous definitions, as a rule, are only a stimulus for new disputes. This is largely due to the constantly growing need of their participants to take a fresh look at various problems of the relationship between religion and politics in its global, regional, national and local dimensions.