TY - JOUR

T1 - The CO2 integral emission by the megacity of St Petersburg as quantified from ground-based FTIR measurements combined with dispersion modelling

AU - Ionov, Dmitry V.

AU - Makarova, Maria V.

AU - Hase, Frank

AU - Foka, Stefani C.

AU - Kostsov, Vladimir S.

AU - Alberti, Carlos

AU - Blumenstock, Thomas

AU - Warneke, Thorsten

AU - Virolainen, Yana A.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Dmitry V. Ionov et al.

PY - 2021/7/19

Y1 - 2021/7/19

N2 - The anthropogenic impact is a major factor of climate change, which is highest in industrial regions and modern megacities. Megacities are a significant source of emissions of various substances into the atmosphere, including CO2 which is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. In 2019 and 2020, the mobile experiment EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) was carried out on the territory of St Petersburg which is the second-largest industrial city in Russia with a population of more than 5 million people. In 2020, several measurement data sets were obtained during the lockdown period caused by the COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease of 2019) pandemic. One of the goals of EMME was to evaluate the CO2 emission from the St Petersburg agglomeration. Previously, the CO2 area flux has been obtained from the data of the EMME-2019 experiment using the mass balance approach. The value of the CO2 area flux for St Petersburg has been estimated as being 89±28gktgkm-2gyr-1, which is 3 times higher than the corresponding value reported in the official municipal inventory. The present study is focused on the derivation of the integral CO2 emission from St Petersburg by coupling the results of the EMME observational campaigns of 2019 and 2020 and the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories) model. The ODIAC (Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2) database is used as the source of the a priori information on the CO2 emissions for the territory of St Petersburg. The most important finding of the present study, based on the analysis of two observational campaigns, is a significantly higher CO2 emission from the megacity of St Petersburg compared to the data of municipal inventory, i.e. g1/475800±5400gktgyr-1 for 2019 and g1/468400±7100gktgyr-1 for 2020 versus g1/430000gktgyr-1 reported by official inventory. The comparison of the CO2 emissions obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown period in 2020 to the results obtained during the same period of 2019 demonstrated the decrease in emissions of 10g% or 7400gktgyr-1.

AB - The anthropogenic impact is a major factor of climate change, which is highest in industrial regions and modern megacities. Megacities are a significant source of emissions of various substances into the atmosphere, including CO2 which is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. In 2019 and 2020, the mobile experiment EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) was carried out on the territory of St Petersburg which is the second-largest industrial city in Russia with a population of more than 5 million people. In 2020, several measurement data sets were obtained during the lockdown period caused by the COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease of 2019) pandemic. One of the goals of EMME was to evaluate the CO2 emission from the St Petersburg agglomeration. Previously, the CO2 area flux has been obtained from the data of the EMME-2019 experiment using the mass balance approach. The value of the CO2 area flux for St Petersburg has been estimated as being 89±28gktgkm-2gyr-1, which is 3 times higher than the corresponding value reported in the official municipal inventory. The present study is focused on the derivation of the integral CO2 emission from St Petersburg by coupling the results of the EMME observational campaigns of 2019 and 2020 and the HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories) model. The ODIAC (Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2) database is used as the source of the a priori information on the CO2 emissions for the territory of St Petersburg. The most important finding of the present study, based on the analysis of two observational campaigns, is a significantly higher CO2 emission from the megacity of St Petersburg compared to the data of municipal inventory, i.e. g1/475800±5400gktgyr-1 for 2019 and g1/468400±7100gktgyr-1 for 2020 versus g1/430000gktgyr-1 reported by official inventory. The comparison of the CO2 emissions obtained during the COVID-19 lockdown period in 2020 to the results obtained during the same period of 2019 demonstrated the decrease in emissions of 10g% or 7400gktgyr-1.

KW - ANTHROPOGENIC CO2

KW - ATMOSPHERIC CO2

KW - TRANSPORT

KW - SPECTROMETERS

KW - SIMULATIONS

KW - PARIS

KW - CH4

KW - INVENTORY

KW - LOCKDOWN

KW - NETWORK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111158636&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/0dbd3ca9-a0a8-31f6-a90f-e09e9f49c786/

U2 - 10.5194/acp-21-10939-2021

DO - 10.5194/acp-21-10939-2021

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85111158636

VL - 21

SP - 10939

EP - 10963

JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

SN - 1680-7316

IS - 14

ER -