TY - JOUR

T1 - Balance of Δ5-and Δ7-sterols and stanols in halophytes in connection with salinity tolerance

AU - Rozentsvet, Olga A.

AU - Kotlova, Ekaterina R.

AU - Bogdanova, Elena S.

AU - Nesterov, Viktor N.

AU - Senik, Svetlana V.

AU - Shavarda, Aleksey L.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2022/6/1

Y1 - 2022/6/1

N2 - Sterols (STs) have a key role in regulating the fluidity and permeability of membranes in plants (phytosterols) that have wide structural diversity. We studied the effect of structural STs diversity on salt tolerance in halophytes. Specifically, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), including two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCxGC–MS), to assess the STs composition in leaves of 21 species of wild-growing halophytes from four families (Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Tamaricaceae) and three ecological groups (Euhalophytes (Eu), recretophytes (Re), salt excluders (Ex)). Fifteen molecular species of STs from three main groups, Δ5-, Δ7-and Δ0- STs (stanols), were detected. Plants of the genus Artemisia were characterized by a high content of stigmasterol (30–49% of the total STs), while β-sitosterol was the major compound in two Limonium spp., where it comprised 84–92% of the total STs. Species of Chenopodiaceae were able to accumulate both Δ5-and Δ7-STs and stanols. The content of the predominant Δ5-STs decreased in the order Ex → Re → Eu. Molecular species with a saturated steroid nucleus were identified in Eu and Re, suggesting their special salt-accumulating and salt-releasing functions. The structural analogues of stigmasterol, having a double bond C-22, were stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (spinasterol) and stigmast-22-en-3β-ol (Δ7--sitosterol). The ratio of Δ5-stigmasterol/Δ5-β-sitosterol increased in Ex plants, and spinasterol/Δ7--sitosterol and 22-stigmastenol/sitostanol increased in Eu plants. These data support the well-known role of stigmasterol and its isomers in plant responses to abiotic and biotic factors. The variability in STs types and their ratios suggested some involvement of the sterol membrane components in plant adaptation to growth conditions. The balance of Δ5-, Δ7-and stanols, as well as the accumulation of molecular analogues of stigmasterol, was suggested to be associated with salt tolerance of the plant species in this investigation.

AB - Sterols (STs) have a key role in regulating the fluidity and permeability of membranes in plants (phytosterols) that have wide structural diversity. We studied the effect of structural STs diversity on salt tolerance in halophytes. Specifically, we used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), including two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCxGC–MS), to assess the STs composition in leaves of 21 species of wild-growing halophytes from four families (Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Tamaricaceae) and three ecological groups (Euhalophytes (Eu), recretophytes (Re), salt excluders (Ex)). Fifteen molecular species of STs from three main groups, Δ5-, Δ7-and Δ0- STs (stanols), were detected. Plants of the genus Artemisia were characterized by a high content of stigmasterol (30–49% of the total STs), while β-sitosterol was the major compound in two Limonium spp., where it comprised 84–92% of the total STs. Species of Chenopodiaceae were able to accumulate both Δ5-and Δ7-STs and stanols. The content of the predominant Δ5-STs decreased in the order Ex → Re → Eu. Molecular species with a saturated steroid nucleus were identified in Eu and Re, suggesting their special salt-accumulating and salt-releasing functions. The structural analogues of stigmasterol, having a double bond C-22, were stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (spinasterol) and stigmast-22-en-3β-ol (Δ7--sitosterol). The ratio of Δ5-stigmasterol/Δ5-β-sitosterol increased in Ex plants, and spinasterol/Δ7--sitosterol and 22-stigmastenol/sitostanol increased in Eu plants. These data support the well-known role of stigmasterol and its isomers in plant responses to abiotic and biotic factors. The variability in STs types and their ratios suggested some involvement of the sterol membrane components in plant adaptation to growth conditions. The balance of Δ5-, Δ7-and stanols, as well as the accumulation of molecular analogues of stigmasterol, was suggested to be associated with salt tolerance of the plant species in this investigation.

KW - Asteraceae

KW - Chenopodiaceae

KW - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

KW - Halophytes

KW - Plumbaginaceae

KW - Tamaricaceae

KW - Δ-sterols

KW - Δ-

KW - Humans

KW - Stigmasterol

KW - Salt-Tolerant Plants

KW - Sterols

KW - Salt Tolerance

KW - Phytosterols/analysis

KW - Δ0-sterols

KW - Δ5-

KW - Δ7-

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125699970&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/3084ec1f-c68a-36e4-b30d-6c5de2ecf9b8/

U2 - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113156

DO - 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113156

M3 - Article

C2 - 35248579

AN - SCOPUS:85125699970

VL - 198

JO - Phytochemistry

JF - Phytochemistry

SN - 0031-9422

M1 - 113156

ER -