TY - JOUR

T1 - Apicomplexan-like parasites are polyphyletic and widely but selectively dependent on cryptic plastid organelles.

AU - Janouškovec, Jan

AU - Paskerova, Gita G.

AU - Miroliubova, Tatiana S.

AU - Mikhailov, Kirill V.

AU - Birley, Thomas

AU - Aleoshin, Vladimir V.

AU - Simdyanov, Timur G.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © Janouskovec et al.

PY - 2019/8/16

Y1 - 2019/8/16

N2 - The phylum Apicomplexa comprises human pathogens such as Plasmodium but are also an under-explored hotspot of evolutionary diversity central to understanding the origins of parasitism and non-photosynthetic plastids. We generated single-cell transcriptomes for all major apicomplexan groups lacking large-scale sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that apicomplexan-like parasites are polyphyletic and their similar morphologies emerged convergently at least three times. Gregarines and eugregarines are monophyletic, against most expectations, and rhytidocystids and Eleutheroschizon are sister lineages to medically important taxa. Although previously unrecognized, plastids in deep-branching apicomplexans are common, and they contain some of the most divergent and AT-rich genomes ever found. In eugregarines, however, plastids are either abnormally reduced or absent, thus increasing known plastid losses in eukaryotes from two to four. Environmental sequences of ten novel plastid lineages and structural innovations in plastid proteins confirm that plastids in apicomplexans and their relatives are widespread and share a common, photosynthetic origin.

AB - The phylum Apicomplexa comprises human pathogens such as Plasmodium but are also an under-explored hotspot of evolutionary diversity central to understanding the origins of parasitism and non-photosynthetic plastids. We generated single-cell transcriptomes for all major apicomplexan groups lacking large-scale sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that apicomplexan-like parasites are polyphyletic and their similar morphologies emerged convergently at least three times. Gregarines and eugregarines are monophyletic, against most expectations, and rhytidocystids and Eleutheroschizon are sister lineages to medically important taxa. Although previously unrecognized, plastids in deep-branching apicomplexans are common, and they contain some of the most divergent and AT-rich genomes ever found. In eugregarines, however, plastids are either abnormally reduced or absent, thus increasing known plastid losses in eukaryotes from two to four. Environmental sequences of ten novel plastid lineages and structural innovations in plastid proteins confirm that plastids in apicomplexans and their relatives are widespread and share a common, photosynthetic origin.

KW - DIGYALUM-OWENI PROTOZOA

KW - MARINE GREGARINES

KW - GLOBAL ANALYSIS

KW - LIFE-CYCLE

KW - N. SP

KW - ULTRASTRUCTURE

KW - APICOPLAST

KW - BIOSYNTHESIS

KW - MORPHOLOGY

KW - PHYLOGENY

UR - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31418692

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071900030&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/apicomplexanlike-parasites-polyphyletic-widely-selectively-dependent-cryptic-plastid-organelles

U2 - 10.7554/eLife.49662

DO - 10.7554/eLife.49662

M3 - Article

VL - 8

JO - eLife

JF - eLife

SN - 2050-084X

M1 - e49662

ER -