The structure of the muscular and nervous systems of the orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis (Orthonectida) or what parasitism can do to an annelid

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The structure of the muscular and nervous systems of the orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis (Orthonectida) or what parasitism can do to an annelid. / Slyusarev, George S.; Bondarenko, Natalya I.; Skalon, Elisaveta K.; Rappoport, Alexander K.; Radchenko, Daria ; Starunov, Viktor V.

In: Organisms Diversity and Evolution, Vol. 22, No. 1, 24.09.2021, p. 35-45.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

BibTeX

@article{f935aa1026bf41a7856ff63b2b64072b,

title = "The structure of the muscular and nervous systems of the orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis (Orthonectida) or what parasitism can do to an annelid",

abstract = "Orthonectida is an enigmatic group of parasitic invertebrates with an unclear taxonomic position. Recent molecular studies demonstrated that Orthonectida belongs to Annelida; however, the lack of morphological data does not allow to follow the evolutionary pathway from free-living annelids to parasitic orthonectids. Here, we studied the nervous and the muscular systems in the male and female orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The muscular system is formed by four outer longitudinal muscular bundles and several inner transversal muscles. The nervous system of females is represented by a well-developed cerebral ganglion and a nerve plexus in the body. In males, the cerebral ganglion is significantly smaller, and the body plexus is absent. Instead, a pair of nerves with three pairs of serially organized nerve cells runs posteriorly from the ganglion along the lateral sides of the body. Analyses of the structure of all the orthonectids studied so far suggest that reduction and simplification of the free-living males and females are the dominant mode of evolution in orthonectids.",

keywords = "Confocal microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Muscular system, Nervous system, Orthonectida, EVOLUTION, DINOPHILIDAE, PATTERNS, MESOZOA, POLYCHAETA",

author = "Slyusarev, {George S.} and Bondarenko, {Natalya I.} and Skalon, {Elisaveta K.} and Rappoport, {Alexander K.} and Daria Radchenko and Starunov, {Viktor V.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Biologische Systematik.",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

day = "24",

doi = "10.1007/s13127-021-00519-7",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

pages = "35--45",

journal = "Organisms Diversity and Evolution",

issn = "1439-6092",

publisher = "Springer Nature",

number = "1",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The structure of the muscular and nervous systems of the orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis (Orthonectida) or what parasitism can do to an annelid

AU - Slyusarev, George S.

AU - Bondarenko, Natalya I.

AU - Skalon, Elisaveta K.

AU - Rappoport, Alexander K.

AU - Radchenko, Daria

AU - Starunov, Viktor V.

PY - 2021/9/24

Y1 - 2021/9/24

N2 - Orthonectida is an enigmatic group of parasitic invertebrates with an unclear taxonomic position. Recent molecular studies demonstrated that Orthonectida belongs to Annelida; however, the lack of morphological data does not allow to follow the evolutionary pathway from free-living annelids to parasitic orthonectids. Here, we studied the nervous and the muscular systems in the male and female orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The muscular system is formed by four outer longitudinal muscular bundles and several inner transversal muscles. The nervous system of females is represented by a well-developed cerebral ganglion and a nerve plexus in the body. In males, the cerebral ganglion is significantly smaller, and the body plexus is absent. Instead, a pair of nerves with three pairs of serially organized nerve cells runs posteriorly from the ganglion along the lateral sides of the body. Analyses of the structure of all the orthonectids studied so far suggest that reduction and simplification of the free-living males and females are the dominant mode of evolution in orthonectids.

AB - Orthonectida is an enigmatic group of parasitic invertebrates with an unclear taxonomic position. Recent molecular studies demonstrated that Orthonectida belongs to Annelida; however, the lack of morphological data does not allow to follow the evolutionary pathway from free-living annelids to parasitic orthonectids. Here, we studied the nervous and the muscular systems in the male and female orthonectid Rhopalura litoralis using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The muscular system is formed by four outer longitudinal muscular bundles and several inner transversal muscles. The nervous system of females is represented by a well-developed cerebral ganglion and a nerve plexus in the body. In males, the cerebral ganglion is significantly smaller, and the body plexus is absent. Instead, a pair of nerves with three pairs of serially organized nerve cells runs posteriorly from the ganglion along the lateral sides of the body. Analyses of the structure of all the orthonectids studied so far suggest that reduction and simplification of the free-living males and females are the dominant mode of evolution in orthonectids.

KW - Confocal microscopy

KW - Immunohistochemistry

KW - Muscular system

KW - Nervous system

KW - Orthonectida

KW - EVOLUTION

KW - DINOPHILIDAE

KW - PATTERNS

KW - MESOZOA

KW - POLYCHAETA

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85115656331&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/cc6ba653-e761-3a4b-982b-96bff0b94d8f/

U2 - 10.1007/s13127-021-00519-7

DO - 10.1007/s13127-021-00519-7

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85115656331

VL - 22

SP - 35

EP - 45

JO - Organisms Diversity and Evolution

JF - Organisms Diversity and Evolution

SN - 1439-6092

IS - 1

ER -

ID: 85871259