TY - JOUR

T1 - Subjectness of Intelligence: Quantum-Theoretic Analysis and Ethical Perspective

AU - Surov, Ilya A.

AU - Мельникова, Елена Николаевна

N1 - Surov I.A., Melnikova E.N. Subjectness of Intelligence: Quantum-Theoretic Analysis and Ethical Perspective. Found Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y.

PY - 2024/4/2

Y1 - 2024/4/2

N2 - Recent developments in artificial intelligence urge clarification of its ethical and legal status.The issue revolves around the concept of subjectness, distinguishing active and responsible conduct from inert performance. We analyze this notion from a physical viewpoint, building on the quantum-theoretic refinement of the concept of uncertainty into quantum and classical types: quantum uncertainty refers to an objective freedom to construct the future, while classical uncertainty denotes subjective ignorance of present states of nature.Subjectness of intelligence is then defined by the kind of uncertainty it is capable to resolve. To analyze different aspects of intelligence, quantum-inspired definitions of decision, subjectness, originality, and meaning are introduced on this basis. These concepts are first calibrated on natural intelligence and then applied to artificial systems, classified as classical and quantum. Classical AI then appears fundamentally alien to subjectness dueto its algorithmic nature, limited to the resolution of classical uncertainty. Quantum AI, in contrast, breaks this limit by hosting some degree of proto-subjectness on the level of elementaryparticles, involved in its operation. Fundamentally, our approach tracks alternativeviews on subjectness of intelligence to the interpretations of quantum randomness, identifyingboth as different sides of the same ethical dilemma. Quantum physics then providesfertile ground for possible solutions, aligned with Eastern and Western views on freedomand constraint, subject and context in social life. These results offer a scientific approach tothe controversial challenges of socio-technological development, integrating physical andhumanitarian perspectives.

AB - Recent developments in artificial intelligence urge clarification of its ethical and legal status.The issue revolves around the concept of subjectness, distinguishing active and responsible conduct from inert performance. We analyze this notion from a physical viewpoint, building on the quantum-theoretic refinement of the concept of uncertainty into quantum and classical types: quantum uncertainty refers to an objective freedom to construct the future, while classical uncertainty denotes subjective ignorance of present states of nature.Subjectness of intelligence is then defined by the kind of uncertainty it is capable to resolve. To analyze different aspects of intelligence, quantum-inspired definitions of decision, subjectness, originality, and meaning are introduced on this basis. These concepts are first calibrated on natural intelligence and then applied to artificial systems, classified as classical and quantum. Classical AI then appears fundamentally alien to subjectness dueto its algorithmic nature, limited to the resolution of classical uncertainty. Quantum AI, in contrast, breaks this limit by hosting some degree of proto-subjectness on the level of elementaryparticles, involved in its operation. Fundamentally, our approach tracks alternativeviews on subjectness of intelligence to the interpretations of quantum randomness, identifyingboth as different sides of the same ethical dilemma. Quantum physics then providesfertile ground for possible solutions, aligned with Eastern and Western views on freedomand constraint, subject and context in social life. These results offer a scientific approach tothe controversial challenges of socio-technological development, integrating physical andhumanitarian perspectives.

KW - Intelligence · Subject · Uncertainty · Freedom · Ethics · Quantum · Law

KW - Ethics

KW - Freedom

KW - Intelligence

KW - Law

KW - Quantum

KW - Subject

KW - Uncertainty

UR - https://trebuchet.public.springernature.app/get_content/34a7dd66-07b9-46f4-9ddb-141348325572?utm_source=rct_congratemailt&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nonoa_20240402&utm_content=10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7773a7a8-fb55-3c9c-b403-5f7675300284/

U2 - 10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y

DO - 10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y

M3 - статья

JO - Foundations of Science

JF - Foundations of Science

SN - 1233-1821

ER -