Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
Expansins : Proteins involved in cell wall softening during plant growth and morphogenesis. / Sharova, E. I.
In: Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol. 54, No. 6, 01.11.2007, p. 713-727.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Expansins
T2 - Proteins involved in cell wall softening during plant growth and morphogenesis
AU - Sharova, E. I.
PY - 2007/11/1
Y1 - 2007/11/1
N2 - Expansins are a class of proteins first discovered as mediators of pH-dependent extension of primary cell walls. Structure, classification, activity, and functions of expansins are considered. Because of the lack of enzyme activity and owing to their reversible action on cell wall extensibility, expansins are assumed to disrupt hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides in cell walls strained mechanically by turgor pressure. Expansins are divided in four families: expansins A (EXPA), expansins B (EXPB), expansin-like proteins A, and expansin-like proteins B. Expansins A affect preferentially xyloglucan-rich type-I cell walls characteristic of dicotyledonous plants, whereas expansins B modify type-II cell walls, rich in arabinoxylans and β-glucans, characteristic of grasses. Each plant contains numerous genes coding for expansins. The transcription of these genes changes during plant growth and development and is controlled by phytohormones and environmental conditions. The most documented function of expansins is regulation of cell extension. Nevertheless, a slow retardation of growth during cell differentiation is apparently caused by the loss of cell wall sensitivity to expansins rather than by the decline in expansin activity. Expansins regulate the tip growth of root hairs and cottonseed hairs. The initiation of leaf primordia is related to local expression of expansin genes in the shoot apical meristem. Expansins are also needed for cell wall softening in ripening fruits, in the abscission zone, and in the pistil tissues.
AB - Expansins are a class of proteins first discovered as mediators of pH-dependent extension of primary cell walls. Structure, classification, activity, and functions of expansins are considered. Because of the lack of enzyme activity and owing to their reversible action on cell wall extensibility, expansins are assumed to disrupt hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides in cell walls strained mechanically by turgor pressure. Expansins are divided in four families: expansins A (EXPA), expansins B (EXPB), expansin-like proteins A, and expansin-like proteins B. Expansins A affect preferentially xyloglucan-rich type-I cell walls characteristic of dicotyledonous plants, whereas expansins B modify type-II cell walls, rich in arabinoxylans and β-glucans, characteristic of grasses. Each plant contains numerous genes coding for expansins. The transcription of these genes changes during plant growth and development and is controlled by phytohormones and environmental conditions. The most documented function of expansins is regulation of cell extension. Nevertheless, a slow retardation of growth during cell differentiation is apparently caused by the loss of cell wall sensitivity to expansins rather than by the decline in expansin activity. Expansins regulate the tip growth of root hairs and cottonseed hairs. The initiation of leaf primordia is related to local expression of expansin genes in the shoot apical meristem. Expansins are also needed for cell wall softening in ripening fruits, in the abscission zone, and in the pistil tissues.
KW - Abscission
KW - Apoplast acidification
KW - Cell division
KW - Cell extension
KW - Cell wall extensibility
KW - Expansins
KW - Fruit ripening
KW - Initiation of leaf primordium
KW - Plants
KW - экспансины
KW - клеточная стенка
KW - растяжение клеток растений
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=36148965166&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1134/S1021443707060015
DO - 10.1134/S1021443707060015
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:36148965166
VL - 54
SP - 713
EP - 727
JO - Russian Journal of Plant Physiology
JF - Russian Journal of Plant Physiology
SN - 1021-4437
IS - 6
ER -
ID: 36350174