Abstract—: Genetic toxicology is a scientific and practical field that emerged from foundational studies of the mechanisms maintaining stability of the genetic material. Its primary objective is the early detection of genotoxic agents that are potentially dangerous to human health and the prevention of their harmful effects. Despite maintaining a degree of conservatism due to the need for validated and standardized protocols for assessing genotoxic risks, the field continues to evolve steadily. This development would be impossible without fundamental physiological research. The basis for understanding the physiological component of the mutation process was established in the works of Mikhail Efimovich Lobashev, which considerably shaped the direction of research for many years and resulted in the development of highly sensitive tests for genetic toxicology and the reduction of the risks of hereditary, oncological, and other diseases.