TY - JOUR

T1 - A review of chemical relithiation strategies for complete recovery of LiFePO4

AU - Beletskii, E

AU - Popov, A

AU - Romanovski, V

N1 - Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 0 Total Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 164

PY - 2026/3/17

Y1 - 2026/3/17

N2 - In this work, we systematically analyze the defect chemistry and electrochemical restoration of degraded LFP through chemical relithiation strategies. By comparing structural data, electrochemical characterization results and defect quantification, we show that regeneration is primarily governed by the correction of Li-Fe antisite fraction (reduced from similar to 2 to 3% to below 1%), the replenishment of lithium vacancies and the suppression of Fe3+ accumulation. These processes reopen blocked [010] diffusion channels, increasing Li+ diffusion coefficients from similar to 10(-16) to 10(-13)-10(-12) cm(2) s(-1) and reducing charge-transfer electrode resistance from >300 Omega to 80% retention. Comparative evaluation of six representative relithiation strategies demonstrates that defect-correction efficacy follows the order: photocatalytic dopamine-assisted regeneration approximate to redox-mediator/organolithium relithiation > aqueous redox relithiation > non-aqueous liquid-phase relithiation > chelation-driven surface cleaning >> solid-state redox relithiation. These findings establish a direct link between defect suppression and electrochemical recovery offering quantitative benchmarks to guide the design of efficient and sustainable regeneration strategies for spent LFP cathodes.

AB - In this work, we systematically analyze the defect chemistry and electrochemical restoration of degraded LFP through chemical relithiation strategies. By comparing structural data, electrochemical characterization results and defect quantification, we show that regeneration is primarily governed by the correction of Li-Fe antisite fraction (reduced from similar to 2 to 3% to below 1%), the replenishment of lithium vacancies and the suppression of Fe3+ accumulation. These processes reopen blocked [010] diffusion channels, increasing Li+ diffusion coefficients from similar to 10(-16) to 10(-13)-10(-12) cm(2) s(-1) and reducing charge-transfer electrode resistance from >300 Omega to 80% retention. Comparative evaluation of six representative relithiation strategies demonstrates that defect-correction efficacy follows the order: photocatalytic dopamine-assisted regeneration approximate to redox-mediator/organolithium relithiation > aqueous redox relithiation > non-aqueous liquid-phase relithiation > chelation-driven surface cleaning >> solid-state redox relithiation. These findings establish a direct link between defect suppression and electrochemical recovery offering quantitative benchmarks to guide the design of efficient and sustainable regeneration strategies for spent LFP cathodes.

KW - Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 )

KW - Li-Fe antisite defects

KW - Relithiation

KW - Direct recycling

KW - Cathode regeneration

KW - Degradation mechanisms

KW - Capacity fade

KW - Sustainable batteries

KW - HIGH-VOLTAGE

KW - LITHIUM

KW - BATTERY

KW - IRON

KW - OPTIMIZATION

KW - PERFORMANCE

KW - REDUCTION

KW - KINETICS

KW - CATHODE

KW - INDIGO

KW - Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/e124deb0-2501-3006-9f87-cdff4ffc1624/

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105034258935&origin=inward

U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239882

DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2026.239882

M3 - статья

VL - 676

JO - Journal of Power Sources

JF - Journal of Power Sources

SN - 0378-7753

ER -