The site of Southern Kozyrka 12 is situated nine kilometres to the north from the Olbian townsite and two km to the south from the village of Kozyrka in the Nikolayev Oblast (Fig. 1). During the years of investigations by the expedition headed by E. Ya. Rogov, an area of ca 2,100 m2 was excavated. Expansive numbers of artefacts had been collected (Fig. 2). Tragic circumstances resulted in the most of the materials having been unpublished. This paper is a continuation of the series of publications of the scientific reports on the excavations of 1990-1992 stored in the Manuscript Department of the Scientific Archives of the Institute of the History of Material Culture RAS. The site represents a separate oikos (homestead). Through the artefacts and changes of the house-building traditions, two periods of the occupation of the settlement are identifiable. Six earth dwellings of the 6th - first half of the 5th cen. BC and the series of household pits adjoining them are dated to the Archaic period (Fig. 1; 3, 4-7 ). The presence of structures of that period in the background of the general crisis of the chora in the second/third quarter of the 5th cen. BC is the main peculiarity of the site under consideration (Fig. 3, 6, 7 ). Only in the end of that century the transition to building of surface many-chamber houses with mudbrick walls on a stone socle begins (Fig. 2; 3, 1, 2 ). Simultaneously, the tradition of earth-embedded structures continued (Fig. 2; 3, 2 ). In general, the material culture and the character of the occupation of the settlement correspond to the common tendencies at settlements of the chora of Olbia. At the same time, of interest is the comparison of the settlement of Southern Kozyrka 12 with the site of Kozyrka 12 located on the opposite slope of the ancient balka (ravine). The coexistence at so a close distance of an earth-dwelling and surface house-building, as well as differing economic activities accompanied by a similar complex of artefacts allow us to suggest a differing social and economic status of these settlements within the system of rural surroundings.