The article presents an overview of studies of training with blood flow restriction with small or medium weights, which allows to increase the level of skeletal muscle strength or prevent their atrophy in a short period of time. On the basis of foreign scientific literature, the authors explained the following aspects of this type of training: goals and tasks of hypoxic strength training, features of the hypoxic strength training technique, results of hypoxic strength training, mechanisms underlying the effects of hypoxic strength training on human skeletal muscles.