Metabolic syndrome is prevalent among people all over the world. The unfavorable impact on virtually all organs and tissues of the body and the high incidence of metabolic syndrome make it a relevant medical issue. Since the second half of the 1990s, international health organizations have proposed their criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. However, all proposed criteria had high variability and did not allow for early diagnosis of the syndrome. Evaluation of the novel laboratory markers of metabolic syndrome may prove to be a more effective approach for early diagnosis. In this review, we have systematized the currently known markers and shown the significance of each of them for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.