Currently, the studies of gender characteristics of schizophrenia that include the assessment of the incidence, clinical picture, course of the disease, response to the therapy, are actively proceeding. We reviewed the literature on the topic of gender differences in the therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia and, in particular, their insufficiently studied mechanisms. The obtained results testify to its greater extent in women and, at the same time, to the greater frequency and variety of side effects. Taking into account the gender differences of the clinical features, the course and the therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia will contribute to the improvement of the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation in these patients.