Якобитское движение в контексте контрреволюции на Британских островах после Славной революции 1688–1689 гг.

Despite the fact that during the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689 the transition of power from James II to William of Orange was accompanied by a phenomenal unity of almost all forces of the country, a significant minority was formed soon in the British Isles, remaining loyal to the deposed monarch, whose supporters were named Jacobites. Their movement took the form of counter-revolution, representing a direct reaction of dissatisfied social groups to the revolutionary change of power. On the basis of theoretical ideas about the counter-revolution and analytical information about Jacobite movement the author of the article examines Jacobitism in context of development of English counter-revolution as a response to the Glorious Revolution. The article concludes that counter-revolutionary movement was very heterogeneous, and its participants defended different interests. In addition to the external counter-revolution represented by Louis XIV, who used the Jacobite emigrants to influence England, domestic counter-revolutionary sentiments played a huge role, the danger of which was increased because of different interpretations of the Glorious Revolution by the members of the Church of England and the party system. Jacobite movement was more vivid on the periphery of the British Isles, where Irish counter-revolution was defeated during the short civil war, and in Scotland Jacobites for more than half a century maintained its position, relying not so much on loyalty to the Stuarts, but rather on the possibility of using them to solve local political and social problems. As a result, it was the dominance of private interests that caused the Jacobites to be defeated, contributing to the final victory of the revolution settlement.